• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for detecting the unauthorized removal of earthing conductors, in particular earthing conductors of railroad installations. It is provided -that electrical signals are measured several times in succession, which are present in at least one grounding conductor, -that the deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals is determined and -that exceeding a predetermined deviation of an electrical signal from one or several previous electrical signals as an indication of the removal of a grounding conductor is evaluated.
    公开号:AT516165A4
    申请号:T50008/2015
    申请日:2015-01-08
    公开日:2016-03-15
    发明作者:Janos Dr Gila；Martin Schiefer
    申请人:Siemens Ag Österreich；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    Detecting Unauthorized Removal of Grounding Conductors FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a method for detecting the unauthorized removal of earthing conductors, in particular earth conductors of railroad installations. However, the method is basically applicable to all powered installations where grounding is similar to railroad systems, such as industrial installations or lightning protection grounding systems, or overhead trolleybuses.
    Due to the significantly higher prices for copper materials in recent years, theft of copper cables is increasing. This has become a safety and economic problem, especially in the field of public transport, such as railroad, subway or tram, due to the frequency and the serious consequences.
    Copper leads around the grounding system are particularly popular with thieves, as these copper cables are normally de-energized and can be removed without risk. Live cables, such as overhead lines, are only to be dismantled under risk, and their absence is also noticed very quickly - in contrast to earthing cables. The absence of grounding lines can go undetected for a long time, as they are only required in case of faults or faults (short circuits, lightning strikes, or similar) for equipotential bonding. The grounding lines are also necessary to avoid potential differences that can lead to dangerous step voltages. Lack of grounding lines can lead to life-threatening situations for people and / or serious property damage. With a monitoring device for monitoring the earthing system, theft can be detected and dangerous situations avoided.
    Copper earthing conductors, which are visible and easily accessible, are particularly interesting for thieves. Grounding conductors that are buried in the ground or difficult to access are less interesting.
    STATE OF THE ART
    When setting up a grounding system and at prescribed intervals, its function is checked by means of ground measurements. Such measurements are difficult and expensive in the area of the web. The grounding systems are generally very extensive and sometimes difficult to access. Furthermore, it comes through the railway operation to influence the measurement by the operating currents. For on-the-fly measurements, special precautions must be taken to distinguish those voltages and currents caused by the operation of the web from the measurement signals.
    For example, testing of the grounding system every 10 years is currently required in Switzerland. Of course, one could perform these checks at shorter intervals to detect any copper thefts. However, this is not done because of the technical complexity and the difficult measurement.
    PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus by which grounding equipment testing for theft of grounding conductors can be made less expensive.
    This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, which provides that - electrical signals are measured successively in at least one grounding conductor, - that the deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals is determined and - the exceeding of a predetermined deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals as an indication of the removal of a ground conductor.
    The invention takes advantage of the fact that parts of grounding conductors are not buried and visible. Such cables have poor or no conductive connection with the environment over short or longer sections. The measurements according to the invention are preferably performed on the visible, non-buried sections of the grounding conductor.
    A first embodiment of the method according to the invention is that an electrical signal is detected in a grounding conductor, this electrical signal being induced by electromagnetic radiation emanating from a transmitter. The grounding conductor receives the electromagnetic radiation from one or more transmitters.
    In this first embodiment, the grounding conductors are considered as antennas and the signals received with this "antenna" are measured. There is a comparison of the signals over a longer observation time. When the signals change, it can be assumed that the antenna has changed, e.g. through a copper theft.
    For this purpose, several measuring receivers for the measurement of the electrical signal may be arranged along the earthing conductor. These measuring receivers must be provided at such a distance from the grounding conductor that changes of the "antenna", ie the grounding conductor, can be detected. Changes in the earthing conductor can be clearly perceived only in the vicinity of the earthing conductor, and not at a greater distance.
    As transmitters are the easiest such fixed transmitting stations in question, the regular broadcast (and are already available), such as radio stations, television stations or transmitting and receiving systems for mobile. In this respect, it can be provided that the transmitter emits radio waves with a wavelength of 10 cm to 100 km, in particular from 0.15 m to 6 m. In this case, no separate transmitter must be installed for the method according to the invention.
    In order to be able to take into account any changes in the transmission power of the transmitter, it can be provided that a reference receiver with a known and time-immutable antenna is used.
    The length of the earthing conductor that can be monitored with the first embodiment variant depends on the one hand strongly on the structural conditions, on the other hand also on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. The monitorable length can only be a few meters up to one hundred meters.
    The second embodiment makes use of the fact that in the conventional measuring method for checking the earthing system is an obstacle, namely the occurrence of operating currents. In this second embodiment, it is provided that the electrical signal is detected directly by continuously measuring the electrical voltage and / or the electrical current that is or is being measured. which arises in the earthing conductor during operation of the plant protected by the earthing conductor.
    In this case, the currents and / or voltages which occur during operation of the protected installation are measured over a longer observation time at the earthing conductor. If the measured values change, it can be assumed that the earthing conductor has changed.
    It is advantageous if the electrical voltage and / or the electrical current of the voltage-carrying and / or current-carrying system components are measured as the reference signal. With this reference signal, normalization of the signals at the ground conductor can be performed. This is possible because the network of the grounding system and the network of the ground protected equipment (the
    Line network) and the coupling impedances between the networks are linear.
    A third embodiment of the invention is that the electrical signal is detected directly by feeding current pulses into the ground line and measuring the run lengths and / or reflection characteristics of the current pulses.
    In this way, a common signal cable measurement method is applied to grounding conductors, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Signal cables feed short voltage pulses into the signal cables and inhomogeneities, such as a cable break, are detected from the measurement of the reflection signals. It is also possible to determine several inhomogeneities and their position with this method.
    In this respect it can be provided that the electrical signal direct is determined by continuously current pulses are fed into the ground line and the run lengths and / or reflection characteristics of the current pulses are measured.
    Instead of the usual in the time domain reflectometry voltage pulses thus current pulses are used. In fact, grounding conductors are not easily able to inject voltage pulses because a second potential plane would be required. It would be possible to use a live line (e.g., a catenary overhead line) or another line laid parallel to the ground conductor. However, when feeding into a live line, a very large dynamic range is required, since the useful voltage in the rail environment is very high, but the voltage to be measured is very small. By using current pulses, this problem can be circumvented. Since grounding conductors have a relatively large conductor cross-section (e.g., 100mm 2), their line inductance is relatively small, thus it is possible to couple even short current pulses (e.g., 10ns to lys).
    In an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, characterized in that - a measuring device is provided, with which electrical signals can be measured several times in succession, which are present in at least one grounding conductor, and - that an evaluation unit is provided, with which the deviation of an electrical signal from a or several previous electrical signals, as well as exceeding a predetermined deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals.
    Accordingly, in the first embodiment, there are provided along the grounding conductor a plurality of measurement receivers for measuring the electrical signal induced in the grounding conductor by a transmitter through its radiated electromagnetic radiation.
    If existing transmitters are used, no additional transmitters need to be provided. However, in addition, a reference receiver with a known and temporally non-variable antenna could be provided to account for any variations in the transmission power of the transmitter. For the second embodiment it can be provided that at least one measuring device is provided for the electrical voltage and / or the electric current that arises in the grounding conductor during the operation of the system protected by the grounding conductor.
    In addition, at least one measuring device for the electrical voltage and / or the electric current of the voltage and / or current-carrying system parts could be provided. In this case, it would also be conceivable to obtain corresponding measured values from the operator of the protected installation so that additional measuring devices can be dispensed with. For the third embodiment, at least one device can be provided, with which current pulses can be continuously fed to the grounding line and the running lengths and / or reflection characteristics of the current pulses can be measured.
    Of course, the three embodiments may not be used as an alternative, but a combination of two or all three of the three embodiments is possible.
    In all three embodiments, a computer is provided which compares and evaluates the measured electrical signals to the previous electrical signals and detects exceeding of a predetermined deviation and optionally outputs a corresponding message. If the computer also initiates the ongoing measurements, the inventive method can also be operated automatically.
    The necessary for the inventive method electrical energy can be provided either by batteries or local energy supplies. The individual gauges, optionally from multiple controlled earth conductors, may transmit their data by remote transmission (over the air or wireline) to a central operating unit comprising the computer for evaluation. It would also be conceivable that the data determined by the measuring instruments are processed at the location of the measuring instruments by means of computer, and only the messages about the removal of the grounding conductor are reported to a central operating unit.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A method for detecting the unauthorized removal of ground conductors, in particular ground conductors of railway systems, characterized in that - electrical signals are measured several times in succession, which are present in at least one ground conductor, - the deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals is determined and - exceeding a predetermined deviation of an electrical signal from one or more prior electrical signals is considered indicative of the removal of a grounding conductor.
    [2]
    A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical signal is detected in a grounding conductor, this electrical signal being induced by electromagnetic radiation emanating from a transmitter.
    [3]
    A method according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of measuring receivers for measuring the electrical signal are arranged along the earthing conductor.
    [4]
    A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the transmitter emits radio waves having a wavelength of from 10 cm to 100 km, in particular from 0.15 m to 6 m.
    [5]
    Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a reference receiver with a known and non-variable antenna is used.
    [6]
    A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical signal is detected directly by measuring the electrical voltage and / or the electrical current that arises in the grounding conductor during operation of the plant protected by the grounding conductor.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that as a reference signal, the electrical voltage and / or the electrical current of the voltage and / or current-carrying system parts are measured.
    [8]
    A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electrical signal is detected directly by continuously feeding current pulses to the ground line and measuring the run lengths and / or reflection characteristics of the current pulses.
    [9]
    9. A device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that - a measuring device is provided, with which electrical signals can be measured several times in succession, which are present in at least one grounding conductor, and - that an evaluation unit is provided, with which the deviation an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals, and exceeding a predetermined deviation of an electrical signal from one or more previous electrical signals.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that along the grounding conductor a plurality of measuring receivers for the measurement of the electrical signal are arranged, which is induced in the grounding conductor by a transmitter.
    [11]
    11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that in addition a reference receiver with known and temporally immutable antenna is provided.
    [12]
    12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one measuring device for the electrical voltage and / or the electric current is provided, which arises in the earthing conductor during the operation of the system protected by the earthing conductor.
    [13]
    13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that in addition at least one measuring device for the electrical voltage and / or the electric current of the voltage and / or current-carrying system parts is provided.
    [14]
    Device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one device is provided with which current pulses can be fed into the grounding line continuously and the running lengths and / or reflection characteristics of the current pulses can be measured.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT516165B1|2016-03-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2011079968A2|2009-12-29|2011-07-07|Harald Ruediger|Monitoring device for de-energized catenary systems or overhead lines|
    KR101181934B1|2012-03-27|2012-09-11|스마트정보통신|Alarming appratus preventing from stealing earth cable|
    WO2014009726A1|2012-07-11|2014-01-16|Ea Technology Limited|Detection of tampering with or theft of an electrical conductor|
    KR101380194B1|2014-01-29|2014-04-01|주식회사 신우텔렉시스|Alarming appratus preventing from stealing earth cable|DE102017130375A1|2017-12-18|2019-06-19|Dipl.-Ing. H. Horstmann Gmbh|Method and apparatus of a short-circuit and flash indicator|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-15| PC| Change of the owner|Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH, AT Effective date: 20190814 |
    2021-12-15| HC| Change of the firm name or firm address|Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY AUSTRIA GMBH, AT Effective date: 20211108 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50008/2015A|AT516165B1|2015-01-08|2015-01-08|Detecting the unauthorized removal of grounding conductors|ATA50008/2015A| AT516165B1|2015-01-08|2015-01-08|Detecting the unauthorized removal of grounding conductors|
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